On Content of Cold Drinks
Available in the Market
AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
CERTIFICATE
It
is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work has been
carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily by J.N.V 82 Mile (Dhalai District),
regarding his project titled “Content of Cold Drinks Available in the
Market”.
Acknowledgement
It
would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks. Their
valuable guidance, support and supervision
all through this project titled “Content of Cold Drinks Available in the
Market”, are responsible for attaining its present form.
PURPOSE
In
recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their
purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many
interest in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years. I
wanted to confirm that whether the charge impose on these brands are true or
not.
Another
fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with
qualitative analysis whose knowledge with other factors helped me to do so.
Ø Introduction
Ø Theory
Ø Apparatus
Ø Chemicals
required
Ø Detection
of pH
Ø Test
for CarbonDioxide
Ø Test
for Glucose
Ø Test
for Phosphate
Ø Test
for Alcohol
Ø Test
for Sucrose
Ø Result
Ø
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the indianization of industry marked its beginning with launching of limca and goldspot by parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many multinational companies launched their brands in India like pepsi and coke.
Now
days, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Miranda,
and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate
pulse and brain.
Theory
Cold drinks of
different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate
ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy
taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in
water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major
source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
CX (H2O) Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and free dose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
v Test tube
v Test tube holder
v Test tube stand
v Stop watch
v Beaker
v Burner
v pH paper tripod
stand
v China dish
v Wire gauge
v Water bath
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
ØIodine
solution
ØPotassium
iodine
ØSodium
hydroxide
ØFehling’s A & B
solution
ØLime
water
ØConcentrated
HNO3
ØBenedict
solution
ØAmmonium
molybdate
DETECTION OF PH
1-2
drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken and put on the pH
paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was compared with
the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION
|
SERIAL |
NAME OF |
|
COLOUR |
PH
VALUE |
|||||||||
|
NO |
DRINK |
|
CHANGE |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
1 |
COCA
COLA |
|
|
|
PINK |
|
|
|
|
1-2 |
|
||
|
2 |
SPRITE |
|
|
|
ORANGE |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
LIMCA |
|
|
PINKISH |
|
|
|
3 |
- |
4 |
|
||
|
4 |
FANTA |
|
LIGHT
DRINK |
|
|
2-3 |
|
||||||
INFERENCE
Soft
drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of
different brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic
contents.
TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As
soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed through lime
water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON
|
SR. |
NAME OF THE |
TIME TAKEN |
CONCLUSION |
|
|
NO |
DRINK |
(SEC.) |
|
|
|
1 |
COCA
COLA |
26.5 |
CO2 |
IS
PRESENT |
|
2 |
SPRITE |
21 |
CO2 |
IS
PRESENT |
|
3 |
LIMCA |
35 |
CO2 |
IS
PRESENT |
|
4 |
FANTA |
36 |
CO2 |
IS
PRESENT |
INFERENCE
All
the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide
(CO2) dissolves in water to
form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
CHEMICAL
REACTION INVOLVED
Ca(OH)2 (s)
+ CO2(g)
-----------àCaCO3 (s)
+ H2O(s)
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
Glucose
is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-
1. BENIDICT’S
SOLUTION TEST:-
A
small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test tube and a
few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for few
seconds. Formation of reddish color confirms the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATON
|
SR. NO |
NAME OF THE DRINK |
OBSERVATION |
CONCLUSION |
|
1 |
COCA
COLA |
REDDISH
COLOR |
GLUCOSE
PRESENT |
|
2 |
SPRITE |
REDDISH
COLOR |
GLUCOSE
PRESENT |
|
3 |
LIMCA |
REDDISH
COLOR |
GLUCOSE
PRESENT |
|
4 |
FANTA |
REDDISH
COLOR |
GLUCOSE
PRESENT |
INFERENCE
All
the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent. Hence all
the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING’S
SOLUTION TEST
A
small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test tube and a
few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal
amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of
brown precipitate confirms the presence of glucose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
|
SR. NO |
NAME OF THE |
OBSERVATION |
CONCLUSION |
|
|
DRINK |
|
|
|
1 |
COCA COLA |
Reddish Brown
Precipitate |
GLUCOSE PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
SPRITE |
Reddish Brown
Precipitate |
GLUCOSE PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
LIMCA |
Reddish Brown
Precipitate |
GLUCOSE PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
FANTA |
Reddish Brown
Precipitate |
GLUCOSE PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
INFERENCE
All
the samples give positive test for glucose with Fehling’s solutions
(A&B).Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Sample
of each brand of cold drink was taken in a separate test tube and ammonium
molybdate followed by concentrated nitric acid (HNO3
) was added to it, the solution was taken heated and the color of the
precipitate confirms the presence of phosphate ions.
OBSERVATON
|
SR.
NO |
NAME
OF THE |
OBSERVATION |
CONCLUSION |
|
|
DRINK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
COCA COLA |
CANARY-YELLOW |
PHOSPHATE IS |
|
|
|
PPT |
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
SPRITE |
CANARY-YELLOW |
PHOSPHATE IS |
|
|
|
PPT |
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
LIMCA |
CANARY-YELLOW |
PHOSPHATE IS |
|
|
|
PPT |
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
FANTA |
CANARY-YELLOW |
PHOSPHATE IS |
|
|
|
PPT |
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
INFERENCE
All
the soft drinks contain phosphate ions which are detected by the presence of
phosphate when canary yellow obtained.
CHEMICAL
REACTION INVOLVED
NaHPO4 + 12
(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 +3H+-----------à
(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3
+12H2O
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Samples
of each brand of cold drinks are taken in sample test tube and iodine followed
by potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is added to each test
tube. Then the test tube are heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes yellow
colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks
OBSERVATON
|
SR. NO |
NAME OF THE |
OBSERVATION |
CONCLUSION |
|
|
DRINK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
COCA COLA |
YELLOW PPT |
ALCOHOL IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
SPRITE |
YELLOW PPT |
ALCOHOL IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
LIMCA |
YELLOW PPT |
ALCOHOL IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
FANTA |
YELLOW PPT |
ALCOHOL IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
INFERENCE
All the Brands
of Cold Drinks Contain Alcohol.
CHEMICAL
REACTION INVOLVED
CH3CH2OH
+4I2+6NaOH------àCHI3 + HCOONa
+5NaI +5H2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
5
ml samples of each brand of cold drinks was taken in a china dish and heated
very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue left confirms the
presence of sucrose
in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
|
SR. NO |
NAME OF THE |
OBSERVATION |
CONCLUSION |
|
|
DRINK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
COCA COLA |
BLACK
RESIDUE |
SUCROSE IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
SPRITE |
BLACK
RESIDUE |
SUCROSE IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
LIMCA |
BLACK
RESIDUE |
SUCROSE IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
FANTA |
BLACK
RESIDUE |
SUCROSE IS |
|
|
|
|
PRESENT |
|
|
|
|
|
INFERENCE
All
the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose
varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contained highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT
After
conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold
drinks namely
1.
Coca cola
2.
Sprite
3.
Limca
4.
Fanta
All contains glucose,
alcohol sucrose, phosphate, ions and carbon dioxide. All are acidic in nature.
On comparing the pHvalue of different brands coca cola is most acidic and limca
is least acidic of all the four brands taken.
pH value of coca cola
is nearly equal to disinfectant which is harmful for body.
CARBON DIOXIDE
AMONG
THE FOUR SAMPLES OF COLD DRINKS TAKEN –SPRITE HAS MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED
CARBON DIOXIDE AND FANTA HAS MINIMUM AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE.
CONCLUSION
DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1.
Soft drinks are little
more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which
cause “diabetes”.
2.
Soft drinks can cause
weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to suppress
hunger feeling.
3.
Soft drinks have
ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones.
4.
Soft drinks contain
“phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4
days.
5.
For transportation of
soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous matter place
cards reserved for highly consive material.
6.
Soft drinks have also
ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1.
Cold drinks can be used as toilet
cleaners.
2.
They can remove rust spots from chrome
car hampers.
3.
They clean corrosion from car battery
terminals.
4.
Soft drinks are used as
an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from clothes.
5.
They can loose a rusted bolt.
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